Navigation Systems and Radar Services

The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

• PA.VI.B.K1Ground-based navigation (identification, orientation, course determination, equipment, tests, regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, and signal integrity).
• PA.VI.B.K2Satellite-based navigation (e.g., equipment, regulations, authorized use of databases, and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)).
• PA.VI.B.K3Radar assistance to visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft (e.g., operations, equipment, available services, traffic advisories).
• PA.VI.B.K4Transponder (Mode(s) A, C, and S) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B).

The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:

• PA.VI.B.R1Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
• PA.VI.B.R2Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
• PA.VI.B.R3Limitations of the navigation system in use.
• PA.VI.B.R4Loss of a navigation signal.
• PA.VI.B.R5Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.

The applicant exhibits the skill to:

• PA.VI.B.S1Use an airborne electronic navigation system.
• PA.VI.B.S2Determine the airplane’s position using the navigation system.
• PA.VI.B.S3Intercept and track a given course, radial, or bearing.
• PA.VI.B.S4Recognize and describe the indication of station or waypoint passage.
• PA.VI.B.S5Recognize signal loss or interference and take appropriate action, if applicable.
• PA.VI.B.S6Use proper communication procedures when utilizing radar services.
• PA.VI.B.S7Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and heading, ±15°.