Pilotage and Dead Reckoning

The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

• PA.VI.A.K1Pilotage and dead reckoning.
• PA.VI.A.K2Magnetic compass errors.
• PA.VI.A.K3Topography.
• PA.VI.A.K4Selection of appropriate:
• PA.VI.A.K4aa. Route
• PA.VI.A.K4bb. Altitude(s)
• PA.VI.A.K4cc. Checkpoints
• PA.VI.A.K5Plotting a course, including:
• PA.VI.A.K5aa. Determining heading, speed, and course
• PA.VI.A.K5bb. Wind correction angle
• PA.VI.A.K5cc. Estimating time, speed, and distance
• PA.VI.A.K5dd. True airspeed and density altitude
• PA.VI.A.K6Power setting selection.
• PA.VI.A.K7Planned calculations versus actual results and required corrections.

The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:

• PA.VI.A.R1Collision hazards.
• PA.VI.A.R2Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
• PA.VI.A.R3Unplanned fuel/power consumption, if applicable.

The applicant exhibits the skill to:

• PA.VI.A.S1Prepare and use a flight log.
• PA.VI.A.S2Navigate by pilotage.
• PA.VI.A.S3Navigate by means of pre-computed headings, groundspeeds, elapsed time, and reference to landmarks or checkpoints.
• PA.VI.A.S4Use the magnetic direction indicator in navigation, including turns to headings.
• PA.VI.A.S5Verify position within three nautical miles of the flight-planned route.
• PA.VI.A.S6Arrive at the en route checkpoints within five minutes of the initial or revised estimated time of arrival (ETA) and provide a destination estimate.
• PA.VI.A.S7Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and heading, ±15°.