Rough Water Approach and Landing

The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

• PA.IV.L.K1A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
• PA.IV.L.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
• PA.IV.L.K3Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
• PA.IV.L.K4When and why rough water techniques are used.
• PA.IV.L.K5How to perform a proper rough water approach and landing.

The applicant is able to identify, assess, and mitigate risk associated with:

• PA.IV.L.R1Selection of approach path and touchdown area based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
• PA.IV.L.R2Effects of:
• PA.IV.L.R2aa. Crosswind
• PA.IV.L.R2bb. Windshear
• PA.IV.L.R2cc. Tailwind
• PA.IV.L.R2dd. Wake turbulence
• PA.IV.L.R2ee. Water surface/condition
• PA.IV.L.R3Planning for a go-around and rejected landing.
• PA.IV.L.R4Collision hazards.
• PA.IV.L.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
• PA.IV.L.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
• PA.IV.L.R7Gear position in an amphibious airplane.

The applicant exhibits the skill to:

• PA.IV.L.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
• PA.IV.L.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
• PA.IV.L.S3Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned waterway.
• PA.IV.L.S4Scan the landing area for traffic and obstructions.
• PA.IV.L.S5Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions.
• PA.IV.L.S6Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
• PA.IV.L.S7Maintain manufacturer’s published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots with gust factor applied.
• PA.IV.L.S8Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
• PA.IV.L.S9Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of descent to touchdown.
• PA.IV.L.S10Contact the water in a proper pitch attitude, considering the type of rough water.